by r - comp
- by repeating the tests with ... it was found that ...
- by that I mean ... as opposed to ...
- by the early 21st century ...
- by the late 1970s, ...
- by the mid-1980s, ...
- by the middle of the 19th century ...
- by the same token ...
- by the same token/ by this token/ by token ...
- by the time of ...
- by the way of illustration ...
- by then ...
- by theorem 2/ according to theorem 2 ...
- by this I mean ...
- by this is meant the phenomenon ...
- by using a liquid more viscous than water, we have noticed that ...
- by way of contrast ...
- calculations of how much it is to be produced ...
- cases like this can be understood as ...
- certainly, ...
- certainly, that’s the impression left by ...
- chances are little, however, ...
- change is particularly slow in ...
- change tends to be relatively slow ...
- changes in ... bring about problems of ...
- chapter 3 is devoted to the investigation of ...
- characteristically, ...
- chiefly, ...
- choosing the ideal correlation is difficult ...
- clear objectives will produce the best results ...
- clearly, the use of ... lessens the danger ...
- clearly, the use of these two methods lessens the danger ...
- closer investigation reveals, no surprisingly, that ...
- combinations of these factors were particularly significant ...
- commonly, ...
